Java Basic Syntax

Java programs are organized into Classes, which are defined using the class keyword. For example, the following code defines a class named MyClass:

public class MyClass { 
// code describing MyClass behaviour and states goes here 
}

Each class can have one or more methods, which define the behaviour of the class. Methods are defined using the public keyword (which indicates that the method can be accessed from outside the class), followed by the return type of the method, followed by the method name and its parameters.

public int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

Java is a strongly-typed language, which means that all variables and expressions have a specific type. Types can be primitive (like int or boolean) or reference types (like String or Object).

int x = 10;

Java supports a wide range of control structures, including if statements, for loops, while loops, and switch statements.

if (x > y) { 
	System.out.println("x is greater than y"); 
}

Java supports Objected-Oriented Programming, which means that classes can inherit behaviour and data from other classes, and can override methods to provide customized behaviour. For example, the following code defines a subclass named ChildClass that extends a superclass named ParentClass:

class Animal {
    public void speak() {
        System.out.println("The animal makes a sound.");
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    public void speak() {
        System.out.println("The dog says woof!");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Animal myAnimal = new Animal();
        myAnimal.speak();
        
        Dog myDog = new Dog();
        myDog.speak();
    }
}